Bamboo carving art was first developed during the Han Dynasty (206-220 B.C.) The earliest bamboo craft is a piece of colored lacquer bamboo spoon with a dragon vein carving,unearthed from Hunan Province. It demonstrates that the art of bamboo carving had achieved quite a high level at that time. Later, the special techniques of carving art were gardually accumulated. By record, in Jin Dynasty(A.D.420-465), calligrapher Wang X.Z had a very exquisite Phyllostachys bambusoides pen container; he named it "Qiuzhong". During the Six Dynasties, Qi G.Z.presented a shoot sheath crown made of bamboo root to Ming Z.S., it is thus evident that root carving art already appeared at that time.
When it came to the Tang and Song dynasties(A.D.618-1279) the carving art became more mature and fine. According to Guo R.X. during the Song Dynasty, a high ranking official's family kept a writing brush, on its bamboo tube were carved line drawing with a poem. The people and horses were expressed very clearly and vividly. Various types of carving also emerged at this time.
The Ming Dynasty(A.D.1368-1644) was a golden age for bamboo carving. Due to different art styles, a variety of schools were formed in different areas. Among them, the most famous work was from the Jiading and Jinling schools. The founder of the Jiading school, Zhu Songling and his son Zhu Xiaosong and grandson Zhu Sansong, created many masterpieces at that time. They were called "Jiading Three Zhu" by people. Zhu Songling was also good at poetry and painting. He is famous for Buddha carving. Many of his art works were kept in Beijing's Imperial Palace Museum. The bamboo carvings by the Zhu family were regarded as valuable as those made of jewels at that time. Pu Zhong qian of the Jinling school was good at carving pen containers. His kettle carved with pine made by bamboo root is kept in the Palace Museum.
In the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, WuZhifan was the most famous artist for bamboo carving. His work "Old man under the pine" is kept in the Shanghai Museum.There were several carving producing places in bamboo concentrated area.
After the Qing Dynasty, bamboo carving skills were almost lost for some time. It was only twenty years ago that some talented peasants in Zhejiang Province began to study this old art in their spare time and started to rejuvonate this art. Now this art begins to shine again. Those peasants create some very special bamboo carvings combined with old Chinese tradition and their own creativity.
Process of Relief Sculpture :
The operations are as follows:
1. Design
Design the picture on the object.
2. Raw Material Selection
Excellent 6-7 year old Phyllostachys pubescens (a type of big bamboo) culms should be chosen as raw material. Culm quality affects the final goods directly. While selecting, attention should be paid to the age, size and shape of the culms. The selected culm should be free of damage and be cut from November to January when the moisture content of the bamboo is low.
3. Raw Material Treatment
The quality of final goods is directly affected by the water content of the raw material. Culms are dried vertically in shade with ventilation, avoiding direct sunshine. Remove the green cuticle from the surface, then treat with chemicals to prevent damage from fungus and boring insects.
4. Carving
Polish the surface of bamboo, reprint the carving pattern on the surface with a piece of duplicating paper. Use a 2H pencil to draw clearly. After the pattern is on the surface, use a sharp knife to make the contour of the pattern. Then use a carving knife to express the relief of the carving. See picture in right.
5. Finishing
Finish with the right color on it, usually in dark-red or coffee-like color.
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